[00:00.11]由 听力课堂(TingClass.com)整理制作 [00:02.80]This is the VOA Special English Education Report. [00:06.50]No one likes to make mistakes. [00:11.13] But a new study says organizations learn more from [00:15.81]their failures than their successes, and keep that knowledge longer. [00:21.32]One of the researchers was Vinit Desai, an assistant professor at [00:27.53]the University of Colorado Denver Business School. [00:30.81]He worked with Peter Madsen from the Marriott School of [00:36.58]Management at Brigham Young University in Utah. [00:39.49]They did not find much long-term "organizational learning" from success. [00:45.72]It is possible, they say. But Professor Desai says they [00:50.66]found that knowledge gained from failure lasts for years. [00:56.81]He says organizations should treat failures as a [01:01.62] learning opportunity and not try to ignore them. [01:05.94]The study looked at companies and organizations that [01:11.00]launch satellites and other space vehicles. Professor Desai [01:16.63]compared two shuttle flights. [01:19.40]In two thousand two, a piece of insulating material broke [01:24.58]off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. [01:29.85]Still, the flight was considered a success. [01:33.61]Then, in early two thousand three, a piece of insulation struck [01:40.03]the Columbia during launch. [01:42.62]This time, the shuttle broke apart on re-entry and the seven crew members died. [01:49.94]NASA officials suspended all flights and an investigation led to suggested changes. [01:58.31]Professor Desai says the search for solutions after a [02:03.65]failure can make leaders more open-minded. [02:07.75]He points to airlines as an example of an industry that has [02:13.16]learned from failures in the past. [02:16.15]He advises organizations to look for useful information [02:21.56] in small failures and failures they avoided. [02:26.59]He also urges leaders to encourage the open sharing of information. [02:33.09]The study appeared in the Academy of Management Journal. [02:38.02]The mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own. [02:43.31] We recently asked people on our Facebook page to tell [02:48.87]us a time they had done something really silly. [02:52.18]Fabricio Cimino wrote: Not long ago I wanted to watch TV, [02:58.01]but it wouldn't turn on, so I did everything I could to start it. [03:04.32] Thirty minutes later my mum shows up and, passing by, [03:08.99] says to me "Did you try plugging it?" [03:13.20]I was like "I'm just dusting, Mum!" so she wouldn't notice how dumb I am sometimes! [03:20.49]Bruno Kanieski da Silva told about a time he looked everywhere for his key [03:27.93] It was in his pocket. He wrote: I always promise I will [03:34.37]never do it again, but after a few weeks ... [03:37.98]where is my wallet? For sure it will be in a very logical place. [03:44.70]You can find more comments like these on Facebook at VOA Learning English. [03:52.48]And that's the VOA Special English Education Report, written by Avi Arditti. [03:59.62]I'm Steve Ember. [04:01.04]由 听力课堂(TingClass.com)整理制作