[00:07.69]Tens of trillions of microbes call our living bodies home. [00:10.69]无数的微生物以我们的身体为家。 [00:11.00]But when we die? [00:11.80]但是,当我们死了呢? [00:12.08]"The first thing that happens is basically ecosystem collapse— [00:15.44]第一件会发生的事情就是我们体内生态系统的崩溃 [00:16.02]where you have a tremendous loss of diversity." [00:19.58]数以万计的生物多样性消失 [00:19.94]Nathan Lents, a molecular biologist at John Jay College in New York. " [00:23.18]南森·伦茨是纽约约翰伊森学院的分子生物学家 [00:23.92]And then it bottoms out and starts to get rich again." [00:27.02]他还说道“然后微生物的数量降到最低点,之后微生物开始活跃起来。” [00:27.28]That microbial phoenix, rising from our extinguished mortal coils, [00:31.16]由于我们的尸体所产生的微生物的高潮, [00:31.49] is called the "necrobiome." [00:33.29]我们称之为“necrobiome” [00:33.61]Lents and his team tracked the necrobiome, [00:35.50]伦茨和他的团队跟踪“necrobiome” [00:35.92]by swabbing the ears and noses of 21 cadavers at a body farm in Tennessee. [00:41.42]通过对田纳西州的一个尸体研究所的21具尸体擦拭耳朵和鼻子 [00:41.77]It's a sort of outdoor lab for forensic scientists, [00:45.11]这是一种户外的法医实验室, [00:45.42]where bodies are left to the elements to decompose. [00:47.43]尸体放在户外由微生物进行分解。 [00:47.88]They tracked the genetic signatures of that microbial community [00:51.42]他们跟踪了微生物群落兴衰枯容的遗传特征。 [00:51.72]as it waned and waxed after death. [00:53.61]在人体死后, [00:54.00]And they used that data to build an algorithm [00:56.74]之后他们利用那些数据建立了一个算法 [00:57.08]that could pinpoint a corpse's time of death, [00:58.92]通过该算法可以计算出尸体的具体死亡时间, [00:59.47]to an accuracy of just two summertime days. [01:02.63]最准确可以到两周 [01:03.00]"And that held out for up to six to seven weeks. [01:05.93]可以延伸到六到七周 [01:06.26]And that's way better than entomology can tell you." [01:08.52]这样方法可以比昆虫学更加优越 [01:08.91]Entomology being the study of the insects that colonize a corpse. [01:13.16]昆虫学研究的是昆虫的尸体。 [01:13.53]"Entomology's ok for giving you upper and lower limits within five to seven days, [01:17.81]昆虫学时间上下限为5到7天, [01:18.20]but beyond that, entomology's not helpful." [01:20.62]但是,除此之外,昆虫学用处不大。” [01:21.03]The study is in the journal PLOS ONE. [01:23.08]该研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆》期刊上。 [01:23.35]The method isn't quite ready for primetime. [01:25.21]上述方法尚不成熟。 [01:25.61]There's still a lot of 'biological noise' in the system. [01:28.72]在这个系统中还有很多“生物噪音”。 [01:29.05]"We're talking about living things here. [01:30.51]我们现在谈论的是生物…… [01:30.76]Well.. living and dead things." [01:32.84]活着的和死着的 [01:33.30]But as with any machine learning, [01:34.79]但是,在机器研究的帮助下, [01:35.03]more info will help it see beyond the noise. " [01:36.91]我们将会得到噪音之外的更多的信息。 [01:37.23]It will forever learn. [01:38.51]这是学无止境的过程。 [01:38.82]So the more data we pump into this system, the better it will get." [01:42.38]所以,我们从这个系统中汲取的数据越多,那么它将会变得越好。” [01:42.79]Ultimately, Lents says, [01:43.58]最后,伦茨表示, [01:44.10]the algorithm will have to be smart enough to hold up in a court of law, [01:47.99]这种算法就可以用到法庭上 [01:49.32]when it could determine the fate of someone [01:49.73]当这种算法可以决定一些人的命运的时候, [01:50.02]accused of turning someone into a corpse. [01:52.53]而这些人遭遇指控将某些人致死,那么。